Layering enforcement actions

This library records 19 enforcement actions tagged layering. Layering is placing multiple orders at several consecutive price levels with no intention of trading them, building an apparent wall of depth that pushes the price toward a genuine order on the other side.

Actions are listed newest first. Each row links to a case page carrying the regulator's own release and, where one was published, the complaint. For how this technique works and what statute it engages, read the layering technique page.

Actions

19

Total penalties

$39.7m

Median penalty

$800k

Largest

$38m

Criminal parallel

21%